Entrepreneurship: Exploring the knowledge base   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hans Landström  Gouya Harirchi 《Research Policy》2012,41(7):1154-1181

Entrepreneurship research has a long tradition and since the 1980s the field has grown significantly. In this study we identify the ‘knowledge producers’ who have shaped the field over time and their core entrepreneurship research works. A unique database consisting of all references in twelve entrepreneurship ‘handbooks’ (or state-of-the-art books) has been developed. The chapters in these handbooks were written by experts within the field, and it can be assumed that the most frequently cited references represent ‘core knowledge’ with relevance to entrepreneurship research.From our analysis, it appears that entrepreneurship is a rather changeable field of research, closely linked to disciplines such as ‘management studies’ and ‘economics’. Over time, the field has become more formalized with its own core knowledge, research specialities and an increasing number of ‘insider works’. However, it is still based on some fairly old theoretical frameworks imported from mainstream disciplines, although during the last decade we have seen the emergence of a number of new field-specific concepts and theories. We argue that to successfully develop entrepreneurship research in the future, we need to relate new research opportunities to earlier knowledge within the field, which calls for a stronger ‘knowledge-based’ focus. We would also like to see greater integration between the fields of entrepreneurship and innovation studies in the future.  相似文献   

我国技术转移政策体系及其协同运行机制研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

刘华  周莹 《科研管理》2012,33(3):105-112

随着我国技术转移政策体系的目标转变以及调整范围和制定主体的不断扩大,政策的制定重点应转向体系和机制的完善。但目前技术转移政策运行仍然遵循着强调单一政策效率的传统模式,各种政策之间的冲突与效能抵消造成系统内耗,致使政策系统整体效能降低。本文将协同学原理运用于政策体系构建和运行管理中,基于政策协同运行模式提供的高效率及其实用价值,提出了构建我国技术转移政策协同运行机制的具体建议措施。  相似文献   

农业节水研究进展及未来发展战略   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

杨永辉  胡玉昆  张喜英 《中国科学院院刊》2012,27(4):455-461

世界大多数地区水资源短缺都与农业生产有关,作为用水大户,农业水资源高效利用对于解决区域水资源短缺和保障粮食生产可持续发展具有极其重要的作用。我国农业节水研究经过20多年来的发展,逐步实现了从最初以农田节水特别是强调农田工程节水为主向更注重改良作物遗传品质节水、农田节水与区域水资源管理节水并重,以及多水源综合利用节水的多学科节水研究体系,大大提高了我国农田节水的潜力。然而生产实践中,受我国社会经济发展水平特别是小农经济制约,我国的农田节水水平和农田水分利用效率还不高,急需通过政府、民间的多渠道投入,通过机制和管理创新,建立起适合各地区经济发展水平的从供水环节、田间节水到区域水资源管理的现代综合农田灌溉节水体系,保障我国未来粮食安全。  相似文献   

中国人口与可持续发展          下载免费PDF全文

蔡昉 《中国科学院院刊》2012,27(3):314-319

随着中国人口转变进入新阶段,即劳动年龄人口停止增长、人口抚养比停止下降,过去30余年推动中国经济高速增长的人口红利即将消失,亟待创造必要的制度条件来获得以全要素生产率为主要驱动力的、更加可持续的经济增长源泉。转变经济发展方式,既是形成新型人口、资源、环境协调关系的必要条件,也是获得可持续经济增长源泉的关键。本文探讨了提高全要素生产率在转变经济发展方式中的重要作用,提出改善这一生产率来源的政策建议。同时,还针对中国"未富先老"的特点,从人力资本培养、应对老龄化和调整生育政策等角度提出了政策建议。  相似文献   

INDUSTRY PROTECTION AND ADJUSTMENT: THE AUSTRALIAN EXPERIENCE     

《普罗米修斯》2012,30(1):25-50

Australian industrial policy is primarily concerned with protecting the manufacturing sector by the use of tariffs and quotas. Over the last decade and a half successive governments have announced an intention to move towards lower tariffs. The result has been lower tariffs on average, but the introduction ofimport quotas in response to the 1974–75 recession has resulted in large increases in protection for the textile, clothing, footwear and motor vehicle industries. These sectors are covered by Industry Plans. There is a stated intention to liberalize trade, but for a decade the market share of imports has been fixed. On the basis of past experience, there is a low probability that significant trade liberalization will occur. Australian industrial policy has failed to create a more efficient manufacturing sector. It is reactive and has slowed the rate of structural change. It is a good example of the way in which initiatives to restrict trade flows by ‘temporary’ quotas — intended to provide a breathing space so an industry can reorganise and compete more effectively against imports — can result in import quotas becoming a near permanent feature of the economic environment. The Australian economy has also been subject to largeexchange rate appreciations. Our experience is that unusual appreciations bring to the forefront of structural change those industries which have already set out upon a path of long run decline. Once the appreciations have passed, these troubled industries are not placed back in their original position relative to imports.  相似文献   

HIGH TECHNOLOGY POLICY AND THE SILICON VALLEY MODEL: AN AUSTRALIAN PERSPECTIVE     

《普罗米修斯》2012,30(2):330-349

Australia seeks to emerge from the depths of recession and to break free from the syndrome of giving ever-increasing protection to a decaying manufacturing sector, by encouraging high technology industry. Silicon Valley, the home of much of the world's semiconductor industry, is often seen as the appropriate model for the development of such industry. For those used to dealing with the siting and encouragement of conventional industry, it can seem that high technology industry, with no heavy raw material input or bulky product output and requiring no large labour pool or local market, in fact has no special requirements at all. Others look to the Silicon Valley model and plan science or technology parks to reproduce the factors they believe responsible for that phenomenon. For example, great emphasis is generally placed on proximity to universities, apparently in ignorance of the very minor role universities played in the growth of the semiconductor industry, and of the great practical divide between science and technology. Vital factors, such as the ready information flow achieved by high mobility of those in high technology industry, are ignored. The Australian situation is complicated further by competition among the States to attract high technology industry, a competition that tends to emasculate national policy. Yet this situation is really just a local representation of what is happening internationally among countries and among regions within those countries. This desperation to leap blindly into high technology, whatever it is and whatever the cost, by following a model that is scarcely understood, is unlikely to produce the huge rewards so many policy makers anticipate are so readily available.  相似文献   

Revolution in Miniature. The History and Impact of Semiconductor Electronics Second Edition by Ernest Braun and Stuart Macdonald (Cambridge University Press,Cambridge, 1982) pp. viii + 247, $A15.50 (pb), ISBN: 0-521-24701-2 (hb), 0-521-28903-3 (pb)     

《普罗米修斯》2012,30(1):141-143

This paper provides a review of Israel's science and technology policy and traces the growth and development of technology intensive industry in that country. Such policy has generally been neutral with regard to industry, technological field or class of product; concentrates on industrial R &; D directly performed in industrial firms; and is an integral part of overall national industrial policy — being centred in the Ministry of Industry and Commerce. Drawing upon case studies and other statistical evidence, the paper argues that such policy has been partly responsible for Israel's success in building up an indigenous, export-oriented, high technology sector.  相似文献   

我国汽车产业技术发展中的政府作用研究          下载免费PDF全文

何琳  蒋兵 《科研管理》2012,33(7):16-23

本文从技术链的视角,基于演化理论和均衡理论阐释了政府在我国汽车产业技术发展中的作用,认为当前我国汽车产业的技术发展是从整车架构技术到核心元件技术再到前沿研究开发的技术积累过程,政府在不同的技术环节具有相异的作用形式和内容,依次表现为前沿研究开发的推动者、核心元件技术的支持者和整车架构技术的引导者,政策设计应从基于均衡理论的弥补"市场失灵"转向基于演化理论的弥补"系统失灵",呈现出从专注于直接投资向着力于系统完善的演变。  相似文献   

基于结构方程模型的政府行为与企业创新关系研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

钟桦 《科技管理研究》2012,32(12):5-7

基于结构方程的政府行为与企业创新关系模型可以反映政府行为的相关因素对于企业创新效益的影响程度。通过制作问卷调查,确定出政府的政策支持、环境支持、经费支持和企业创新效益这四个潜在变量以及相关的观测变量,利用结构方程模型研究潜变量之间的影响关系。研究表明,政策支持通过环境支持和经费支持对企业创新效益产生间接影响。  相似文献   

公共危机管理中政策制定的原则和措施研究     

朱楠  李宝铭 《科技管理研究》2012,32(5):23-25

政策制定是公共危机管理中的一个强有力的工具,如何有效地制定危机政策直接关系到这个工具能否发挥效力,所以,明确政策制定原则,同时提出一些有效的政策制定措施就显得尤为重要。文章综合分析了政策制定过程中应该坚持公民参与力度增强,快速决策并敢于承担风险,以及危机政策的产出价值优先的原则。在具体政策制定过程中,应明确政府职能和强化政府责任,及时接收危机信号和收集危机信息,从而迅速确认问题,同时,政府引导公民参与危机政策制定,最后,需要强有力的政策实施与持续改进的评估。  相似文献